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Hostile attribution bias, or hostile attribution of intent, is the tendency to interpret others’ behaviors as having hostile intent, even when the behavior is ambiguous or benign.〔Nasby, W., Hayden, B., & DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Attributional bias among aggressive boys to interpret unambiguous social stimuli as displays of hostility. ''Journal of Abnormal Psychology'', ''89''(3), 459.〕〔Dodge, K. A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. ''Child Development'', 162-170.〕〔Dodge, K. A. (2006). Translational science in action: Hostile attributional style and the development of aggressive behavior problems. ''Development and Psychopathology'', ''18''(03), 791-814.〕 For example, a person with high levels of hostile attribution bias might see two people laughing and immediately interpret this behavior as two people laughing about him/her, even though the behavior was ambiguous and may have been benign. The term “hostile attribution bias” was first coined in 1980 by Nasby, Hayden, and DePaulo who noticed, along with several other key pioneers in this research area (e.g., Kenneth Dodge), that a subgroup of children tend to attribute hostile intent to ambiguous social situations more often than other children.〔〔 Since then, hostile attribution bias has been conceptualized as a bias of social information processing (similar to other attribution biases), including the way individuals perceive, interpret, and select responses to situations.〔Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), ''The Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology: Vol. 18.'' Cognitive perspectives on children's social and behavioral development (pp. 77-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕〔Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment.''Psychological Bulletin'', ''115''(1), 74.〕 While occasional hostile attribution bias is normative (particularly for younger children), researchers have found that individuals who exhibit consistent and high levels of hostile attribution bias across development are much more likely to engage in aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting/fighting, reacting violently, verbal or relational aggression) toward others.〔〔De Castro, B. O., Veerman, J. W., Koops, W., Bosch, J. D., & Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A meta-analysis. ''Child Development'', 916-934.〕 In addition, hostile attribution bias is hypothesized to be one important pathway through which other risk factors, such as peer rejection or harsh parenting behavior, lead to aggression. For example, children exposed to peer teasing at school or child abuse at home are much more likely to develop high levels of hostile attribution bias, which then lead them to behave aggressively at school and/or at home. Thus, in addition to partially explaining one way aggression develops, hostile attribution bias also represents a target for the intervention and prevention of aggressive behaviors.〔 == History == The term hostile attribution bias first emerged in 1980 when researchers began noticing that some children, particularly aggressive and/or rejected children, tended to interpret social situations differently compared to other children.〔〔 For example, Nasby and colleagues presented photographs of people to a group of aggressive adolescent boys (aged 10–16) and observed that a subgroup of these youth exhibited a consistent tendency to attribute hostile intent to the photographs, even when the cues were ambiguous or benign.〔 Similarly, Dodge and colleagues conducted a study on a sample of school-aged children between 3rd-5th grade and found that children who were rejected were much more likely than other children to exhibit hostile attributions of intent to ambiguous social situations (e.g., when a behavior could have been either accidental or intentional).〔 Furthermore, Dodge and colleagues found that children with high hostile attribution bias then went on to exhibit the most aggressive behaviors later on. Early studies investigating links between hostile attribution bias and aggression were somewhat mixed, with some studies reporting no significant effects〔Dodge, K. A., Lochman, J. E., Harnish, J. D., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1997). Reactive and proactive aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth. ''Journal of Abnormal Psychology'', ''106''(1), 37.〕〔Matthys, W., Cuperus, J. M., & Van Engeland, H. (1999). Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders.''Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry'', ''38''(3), 311-321.〕 or small effects〔〔 and other studies reporting large effects.〔Graham, S., Hudley, C., & Williams, E. (1992). Attributional and emotional determinants of aggression among African-American and Latino young adolescents. ''Developmental Psychology'', ''28''(4), 731.〕〔Waldman, I. D. (1996). Aggressive boys' hostile perceptual and response biases: The role of attention and impulsivity. ''Child Development'', ''67''(3), 1015-1033.〕 Since then, over 100 studies and a meta-analysis〔 have documented a robust association between hostile attribution bias and aggressive behavior across various samples ranging in age, gender, race, countries, and clinical populations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hostile Attribution Bias」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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